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H.R. 1605 119th Congress House

Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2025

Official title: To amend title 5, United States Code, to clarify the nature of judicial review of agency interpretations of statutory and regulatory provisions.

Introduced: February 26, 2025 Introduced by: Scott Fitzgerald Republican · Wisconsin See on congress.gov
Government Operations and Politics Administrative law and regulatory proceduresConstitution and constitutional amendmentsJudicial review and appeals
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 Everywhere this bill has been 4 steps
Introduced
In committee
Reported out
Passed House
Passed Senate
To President
Became law
May 21, 2025
Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 15 - 12.
May 21, 2025
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
Feb 26, 2025
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Feb 26, 2025
Introduced in House
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What's happening now May 21, 2025

Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 15 - 12.

 Plain-English summary Congressional Research Service

Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2025 or the SOPRA

This bill modifies the scope of judicial review of agency actions to authorize courts reviewing agency actions to decide de novo (i.e., without giving deference to the agency's interpretation) all relevant questions of law, including the interpretation of (1) constitutional and statutory provisions, and (2) rules made by agencies.

No law may exempt a civil action from the standard of review required by this bill except by specific reference to such provision.

 Hearings & markups 2
 Related & companion bills 1
 Bill text 1 version

Source documents hosted by congress.gov.

 Committees of jurisdiction 1
 Lobbying activity 2

Registered lobbyists who named this bill in their disclosure filings. Source: federal Lobbying Disclosure Act filings.

  • EARTHJUSTICE
    for EARTHJUSTICE · District of Columbia · 3rd Quarter 2025 (July 1 - Sep 30)
  • EARTHJUSTICE ACTION
    for EARTHJUSTICE ACTION · District of Columbia · 1st Quarter 2025 (Jan 1 - Mar 31)

Bodies those filers lobbied

A filing lists the bills it worked on and the parts of government it contacted in separate sections, so these are the bodies those filers named anywhere in the filing, not a per-bill breakdown.

 Cosponsors 3
All 3 Republican 3
R
Tiffany, Thomas P.
Wisconsin · May 19, 2025
 R
Cline, Ben
Virginia · Mar 5, 2025
 R
Onder, Robert F.
Missouri · Mar 5, 2025
Cite this page click to expand
APA
U.S. Congress. (2026). H.R. 1605: Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2025. 119th Congress. Open America. https://openamerica.io/bill/119-HR-1605/
MLA
"H.R. 1605: Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2025." 119th Congress, 2026, Open America, https://openamerica.io/bill/119-HR-1605/.
Bluebook (legal)
H.R. 1605, 119th Cong. (2026), https://openamerica.io/bill/119-HR-1605/.
Markdown link
[H.R. 1605: Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2025](https://openamerica.io/bill/119-HR-1605/)
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