H.R. 1048 119th Congress House

DETERRENT Act

Official title: To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to strengthen disclosure requirements relating to foreign gifts and con- tracts, to prohibit contracts between instit… Show full official titleShow less

Introduced: February 7, 2025 Introduced by: Michael Baumgartner Republican · Washington See on congress.gov

Education Civil actions and liabilityCongressional oversightContracts and agencyEducation programs funding

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Financial services and investmentsGovernment information and archivesGovernment studies and investigationsHigher educationSubversive activitiesTeaching, teachers, curricula

White House position

Strongly supports Statement of Administration Policy · Trump administration · Mar 27, 2025 Read the SAP

Everywhere this bill has been 34 steps

Introduced

In committee

Reported out

Passed House

Passed Senate

To President

Became law

Mar 31, 2025

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

Mar 27, 2025

Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

Mar 27, 2025

Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 241 - 169 (Roll no. 83).

Mar 27, 2025

The House adopted the amendments en gros as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.

Mar 27, 2025

The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.

Mar 27, 2025

The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 1048.

Mar 27, 2025

The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.

Mar 27, 2025

Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H1312-1316)

Mar 25, 2025

POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 6, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Tlaib demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 5.

Mar 25, 2025

POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Self amendment No. 4, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Scott (VA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Scott (VA) amendment No. 3.

Mar 25, 2025

Mr. Walberg moved that the committee rise.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Self amendment No. 4.

Mar 25, 2025

Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 1048 as unfinished business.

Mar 25, 2025

On motion that the committee rise Agreed to by voice vote.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 6.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 1.

Mar 25, 2025

Rule H. Res. 242 passed House.

Mar 25, 2025

The Speaker designated the Honorable Pat Harrigan to act as Chairman of the Committee.

Mar 25, 2025

House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 242 and Rule XVIII.

Mar 25, 2025

Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 242. (consideration: CR H1241-1260)

Mar 25, 2025

GENERAL DEBATE - The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.R. 1048.

Mar 25, 2025

POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 5, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Tlaib demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.

Mar 25, 2025

POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Scott (VA) amendment No. 3, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Mr. Scott (VA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.

Mar 25, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 2.

Mar 25, 2025

Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24, H.J. Res. 75 and H.R. 1048. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24 and H.J. Res. 75 under a closed rule, and provides for consideration of H.R. 1048 under a structured rule. Also, the resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each measure.

Mar 24, 2025

Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 242 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24, H.J. Res. 75 and H.R. 1048. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24 and H.J. Res. 75 under a closed rule, and provides for consideration of H.R. 1048 under a structured rule. Also, the resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each measure.

Mar 14, 2025

Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Workforce. H. Rept. 119-16.

Mar 14, 2025

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 9.

Feb 12, 2025

Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held

Feb 12, 2025

Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 20 - 14.

Feb 6, 2025

Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.

Feb 6, 2025

Introduced in House

Votes taken on this bill 6

Date	Chamber	What was voted on	Result	Yes–No
Mar 27, 2025	House · vote #83	On Passage	Passed	241–169	See who voted →
Mar 27, 2025	House · vote #82	On Agreeing to the Amendment	Failed	4–404	See who voted →
Mar 27, 2025	House · vote #81	On Agreeing to the Amendment	Failed	3–410	See who voted →
Mar 27, 2025	House · vote #80	On Agreeing to the Amendment	Failed	92–321	See who voted →
Mar 27, 2025	House · vote #79	On Agreeing to the Amendment	Failed	199–214	See who voted →
Feb 8, 1990	Senate · vote #13	On Passage of the Bill H.R. 1048	Passed	92–4	See who voted →

Amendments to this bill 6

Amendments propose changes to this bill. Members vote on amendments separately before the final bill vote. An agreed amendment becomes part of the bill; a failed amendment does not.

2 agreed to 4 failed

Amendment	Sponsor	Purpose	Status	Latest action
HAMDT 15	Tlaib, Rashida	Amendment sought to amend the definition of "Investment of Concern" to include any entity that the Secretary …	Failed	Mar 27, 2025
HAMDT 14	Tlaib, Rashida	Amendment sought to amend the definition of "Foreign Country Of Concern".	Failed	Mar 27, 2025
HAMDT 13	Self, Keith	Amendment sought to amend the threshold value at which gifts must be reported from $50,000 to $1.	Failed	Mar 27, 2025
HAMDT 12	Scott, Robert C. "Bobby"	Amendment sought to amend section 117 to streamline foreign gift and contract reporting, align reporting with…	Failed	Mar 27, 2025
HAMDT 11	Ogles, Andrew	An amendment numbered 2 printed in House Report 119-38 to amend the definition of 'foreign entity of concern'…	Agreed to	Mar 25, 2025
HAMDT 10	Ogles, Andrew	An amendment numbered 1 printed in House Report 119-38 to include any special administrative region or other …	Agreed to	Mar 25, 2025

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What's happening now March 31, 2025

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

Plain-English summary Congressional Research Service

Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions Act or the DETERRENT Act

This bill expands oversight and disclosure requirements related to foreign sources and institutions of higher education (IHEs).

Specifically, the bill requires an IHE to annually disclose to the Department of Education (ED) any year in which the IHE

receives a gift from a foreign country of concern (e.g., China or Russia) or foreign entity of concern of any dollar amount;
receives a gift or contract from a foreign source (other than a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern) that is valued at $50,000 or more, considered alone or in combination with all other gifts or contracts within a calendar year (current disclosure threshold is $250,000 or more), or which has an undetermined monetary value;
enters into a contract with a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern after receiving a waiver for such contract; or
is substantially controlled by a foreign source.

Additionally, the bill

prohibits IHEs from entering into contracts with a foreign country of concern or with a foreign entity of concern without obtaining a waiver,
requires certain IHEs to disclose gifts or contracts between covered individuals (e.g., researchers) and foreign sources, and
requires private IHEs with specified assets or investments to file annual investment disclosure reports.

The bill requires ED to investigate possible violations of this bill and outlines the various penalties for each violation. Penalties may include losing eligibility for federal student financial aid.

Hearings & markups 1

H.R. 1048, the "DETERRENT Act"; H.R. 649, the "Whole Milk for Healthy Kids Act of 2025"; H.R. 1069, the "PROTECT Our Ki…
Markup Feb 12, 2025 · 10:15 AM EST · Education and Workforce Committee

Related & companion bills 6

Bill text 4 versions

Engrossed in House Formatted Text PDF Formatted XML
Introduced in House Formatted Text PDF Formatted XML
Referred in Senate Formatted Text PDF Formatted XML
Reported in House Formatted Text PDF Formatted XML

Source documents hosted by congress.gov.

Committees of jurisdiction 2

Education and Workforce Committee
House of Representatives
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
Senate

Lobbying activity 206

Registered lobbyists who named this bill in their disclosure filings. Source: federal Lobbying Disclosure Act filings.

REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION
for REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION · District of Columbia · 3rd Quarter 2026 (July 1 - Sep 30)
COUNCIL FOR ADVANCEMENT AND SUPPORT OF EDUCATION
for COUNCIL FOR ADVANCEMENT AND SUPPORT OF EDUCATION · District of Columbia · 3rd Quarter 2026 (July 1 - Sep 30)
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
for JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · Maryland · 3rd Quarter 2026 (July 1 - Sep 30)
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
for VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · Tennessee · 3rd Quarter 2026 (July 1 - Sep 30)
NATIONAL ASSN OF INDEPENDENT COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIES
for NATIONAL ASSN OF INDEPENDENT COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIES · District of Columbia · 3rd Quarter 2026 (July 1 - Sep 30)
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
for NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · New York · 3rd Quarter 2026 (July 1 - Sep 30)

Bodies those filers lobbied

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
195 filings
SENATE
195 filings
Education, Dept of
63 filings
Energy, Dept of
34 filings
State, Dept of (DOS)
34 filings
Defense, Dept of (DOD)
29 filings
Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
26 filings
Commerce, Dept of (DOC)
26 filings

A filing lists the bills it worked on and the parts of government it contacted in separate sections, so these are the bodies those filers named anywhere in the filing, not a per-bill breakdown.

See all 206 filings →

Cosponsors 21